WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

*Dr. Pruthviraj K. Chaudhary, Shloka Vijaykumar Chaudhari, Dipal P. Chaudhary, Dushyant P. Chaudhary, Dr. Devanshi Chaudhary, Ansh N. Panchal, Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen

ABSTRACT

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one chemical element or isotope into another by changing the number of protons or neutrons in its atomic nucleus.Main Types of Transmutation:• Natural Transmutation: Occurs spontaneously through radioactive decay (such as alpha decay or beta decay) or cosmic ray bombardment in nature. For example, uranium-238 eventually decays into stable lead-206.• Artificial Transmutation: Induced deliberately in laboratories or reactors by bombarding target atomic nuclei with subatomic particles like neutrons, protons, or alpha particles, or via particle accelerators.Key Methods and Mechanisms• Neutron Bombardment: Because neutrons carry no electrical charge, they are not repelled by the positive charge of an atomic nucleus, making it easier for them to penetrate and alter the nucleus.• Charged Particle Bombardment: Protons, deuterons, or alpha particles require high-energy particle accelerators to overcome electrostatic repulsion from the target nucleus.• Nuclear Reactors and Fission: Utilized in research and power reactors to create synthetic elements, produce medical radioisotopes (such as cobalt-60 or iodine-131), or attempt to reduce long-lived radioactive nuclear waste by converting actinides into shorter-lived or stable nuclides.

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