WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

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  • Index Copernicus
  • SOCOLAR, China
  • Research Bible, Fuchu, Tokyo. JAPAN
  • Cosmos Impact Factor
  • Scientific Indexing Services (SIS)
  • UDLedge Science Citation Index
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Abstract

PREVALENCE OF ABNORMAL PAP SMEAR AMONG SAMPLE OF IRAQI WOMEN ATTENDING AL-BATOOL TEACHING HOSPITAL IN MOSUL

*Aya Mikdad Neamat, Dr. Omaya Fakhri Qassid Al-Harbawi

ABSTRACT

Background: The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, introduced by Georgios Papanikolaou in the 1940s, remains a widely used method for detecting precancerous and cancerous changes of the uterine cervix, particularly in settings without organized screening programs. However, its sensitivity is limited, missing 30-50% of precancerous lesions per screening round. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of abnormal Pap smear results among women attending the cervical screening unit of Al-Batool Maternity Teaching Hospital in Mosul and to identify associated socio-demographic and clinical correlates. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 132 married women aged 21-65 years presenting with leukorrhea, low backache, or abnormal vaginal bleeding. Data on demographics, smoking, hormonal contraceptive use, parity, family history of cervical cancer, chief complaints, and cytology results were collected through structured interviews and medical record review, then analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and IBM-SPSS 20, with the chi-square test used for comparisons (significance at p<0.05). Results: Most women were ≥40 years (58.3%), married (91.7%), non-smokers (94.7%), and housewives (59.8%); half used hormonal contraceptives, and only 1.5% had a positive family history of cervical cancer. Irregular bleeding (36.4%) and post-coital bleeding (32.6%) were the most frequent complaints. Cytology showed inflammation in 84.8% of specimens, negative results in 14.4%, and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in 0.8%, with no high-grade lesions or malignancy detected. Abnormal results were significantly associated with nulliparity and a positive family history of cervical cancer (p=0.045 and p=0.015, respectively). Conclusion: Abnormal Pap smear findings, although uncommon in this sample, were significantly linked to nulliparity and family history of cervical cancer, underscoring the value of targeted opportunistic screening and continued follow-up in these higher-risk groups.

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