WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

( An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal )

An International Peer Review Journal for Medical Science and Pharma Professionals

An Official Publication of Society for Advance Healthcare Research (Reg. No. : 01/01/01/31674/16)

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  • Google Scholar
  • Index Copernicus
  • SOCOLAR, China
  • Research Bible, Fuchu, Tokyo. JAPAN
  • Cosmos Impact Factor
  • Scientific Indexing Services (SIS)
  • UDLedge Science Citation Index
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Abstract

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI IN FRESH AND DRIED FRUITS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF CONTROLLING TOXIN-PRODUCING FUNGI USING PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS FILTRATE AND CALCIUM CARBONATE

*Adnan Mohammed Alsalami, Abdulameer S. Saadon

ABSTRACT

The current study aims to identify fungi associated with fresh and dried fruits available in local markets in Al-Diwaniyah city, in addition to detecting the aflatoxin B1-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technology. Samples were collected from shops and local markets in Diwaniyah city and some of its districts during the period (February - May 2025) and several fungal species were isolated: Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Penicillium expansum, A. Parasiticus, Rhizopus stolonifer, P. italicum, A. carbonarius, A. ochraceus, A. fumigatus, A. terreus, Alternaria Alternate. Significant differences were observed in fungal isolate frequencies between unsterilized samples compared to surface-sterilized fruit samples. Specific fungal species were characterized using both morphological (microscopic and macroscopic) and molecular methods to assess the aflatoxin-producing capacity of A. flavus. Phenotypically identification was performed using standard classification keys, while molecular confirmation was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HPLC results indicated that the highest concentration of aflatoxin B1 was due to the filter isolate A. flavus from the unsterilized dried grape sample, which was 215.9 ppb. The filtrate of P. osteatus and calcium carbonate demonstrated a significant ability to reduce the radial growth and dry weight of the isolated fungus. The combined treatment showed the strongest effect, achieving the highest inhibition of radial growth (74.8%) and dry weight (70.8%) at a concentration of 30%, surpassing the effectiveness of the filtrate alone (68.3% and 66.0%) and calcium carbonate alone (49.1% and 48.7%). These results highlight a clear synergistic interaction that enhances the antifungal efficacy.

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