WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

*Dr. Haitham Khoudyer Deamah, Dr. Zainab Omar Ahmed

ABSTRACT

Background: Thyroidectomy is one of the most commonly performed endocrine surgical procedures worldwide and remains the definitive treatment for a variety of benign and malignant thyroid disorders. Despite advances in surgical techniques and perioperative care, postoperative complications continue to be an important concern because of their impact on patient outcomes and quality of life. Objectives: To evaluate the surgical outcomes and postoperative complications of thyroidectomy procedures performed at Mosul General Hospital and to identify factors associated with the occurrence of postoperative complications. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Mosul General Hospital, Nineveh Governorate, Iraq. The study included 131 patients who underwent thyroidectomy between July 2024 and May 2026. Data were collected from medical records, operative reports, pathology reports, and follow-up documentation. Demographic characteristics, indications for surgery, operative procedures, histopathological findings, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 27, and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.8 ± 12.6 years, and females constituted 83.2% of the study population. Multinodular goiter was the most common indication for surgery (44.3%). Total thyroidectomy was the most frequently performed procedure (66.4%). Histopathological examination revealed benign lesions in 67.9% of patients and malignant lesions in 32.1%. Postoperative complications occurred in 18.3% of patients, with hypocalcemia being the most common complication (9.9%), followed by recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (3.1%). A significant association was observed between postoperative complications and both total thyroidectomy (P = 0.021) and malignant histopathological diagnosis (P = 0.037). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified total thyroidectomy (OR = 3.87, P = 0.029) and malignant histopathology (OR = 2.54, P = 0.032) as independent predictors of postoperative complications. Conclusions: Thyroidectomy performed at Mosul General Hospital was associated with favorable surgical outcomes and acceptable complication rates. Hypocalcemia was the most common postoperative complication. Total thyroidectomy and malignant thyroid disease were significant predictors of postoperative complications, highlighting the importance of meticulous surgical technique and careful postoperative monitoring in high-risk patients.

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