WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

*Preetam Datta, Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen, Dr. Pruthviraj K. Chaudhary, Shloka V. Chaudhari, Honey R. Parmar, Dr. Devanshi V. Chaudhary and Dushyant P. Chaudhary

ABSTRACT

Liquid biopsy is an emerging, minimally invasive diagnostic technique that enables the detection and analysis of tumour-derived biomarkers such as circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumour cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and other cell-free nucleic acids present in body fluids, primarily blood. It offers significant advantages over traditional tissue biopsy, which is invasive, limited in frequency, and may not adequately represent tumour heterogeneity. Liquid biopsy provides dynamic insights into cancer development, progression, treatment response, and minimal residual disease (MRD). Advanced analytical technologies, including next-generation sequencing (NGS) and digital PCR, enhance the sensitivity and specificity of biomarker detection, enabling precision oncology and personalized treatment strategies. Clinically, liquid biopsy is gaining increasing application in early cancer diagnosis, targeted therapy selection, prognosis assessment, and relapse monitoring. Despite its promising potential, challenges such as low biomarker abundance in early-stage disease, variability in detection methods, cost constraints, and lack of standardized protocols still limit widespread adoption. Ongoing research aims to improve detection accuracy and expand applications, including multi-cancer early detection tests and AI-supported data interpretation. As technology continues to evolve, liquid biopsy is expected to revolutionize cancer management by enabling earlier intervention, improved patient monitoring, and better therapeutic outcomes.