WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

Maryam Suhail Khan*, Bharati Gawade

ABSTRACT

Green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles has emerged as a sustainable and effective approach in nanomedicine, leveraging the bioactive compounds present in plants to produce nanoparticles loaded with plant extracts with enhanced therapeutic potential. This review aims to summarize recent research from publication year 2021-2025 (till date) on the reaction conditions of green synthesis of various metal and metal oxide phyto-nanoparticles to get a concise idea on their formulation. Relevant literature was retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and other databases using keywords such as green synthesis, metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, antibacterial, anticancer, cardioprotective, wound healing, and antiviral activity. Investigations encompassing research articles and experimental studies were analyzed to highlight the multifaceted therapeutic applications of plant-mediated nanoparticles. The evidence on the phyto-nanoparticles demonstrates the efficacy in antibacterial, anticancer, cardioprotective, wound healing, and antiviral contexts, largely attributed to mechanisms such as microbial membrane disruption, apoptosis induction, tissue regeneration, oxidative stress modulation, and inhibition of viral polymerases and proteases respectively. This review emphasizes the role of green nanotechnology in combining eco-friendly synthesis with broad-spectrum biological activity and underscores the potential of plant-derived nanoparticles as emerging, effective and safe therapeutic interventions.