WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

*Afaf Ali Hassan, Prof. Dr. Ban Jumaah Qasim

ABSTRACT

Background: Although most testicular tumors are primarily germ cell tumors, which include seminomas and non-seminomas, pathologists need to study their clinical behaviors, biomarkers, and possibly other variables just to classify these tumors into different histologic subtypes. Aim of the study: Study the clinicopathological parameter (Age, size, site of tumors, gross finding, tumor type, tumor subtype, serum markers, margin involvement, invasion, pathological stage) of testicular malignant tumors in a sample of Iraqi patients. Materials and method: This was a retrospective analysis conducted over the period from January 2024 to December 2024, enrolling 75 samples of testicular malignant tumors was received between 2017 to 2023 from different pathology centers around Iraq. Histopathological reports and slides were reviewed, and clinical parameters were recorded from patient records. Inclusion criteria were patients with orchiectomy for testicular malignancy, while recurrent tumors, benign testicular tumor, and non-testicular tumors and Cases without available slides or blocks were excluded. Procedures included collecting and reviewing histopathological data and using microscopes for slide examination. Result: All the enrolled patients were over six years, with a mean age of 32.1± 12.1 years. Most tumors were germ cell types (93.2%), often well-circumscribed and solid, with the right side being slightly more affected. Seminoma was the predominant subtype at 56.9%, followed by mixed tumors at 24.3%. High rates of free surgical margins (96.0%) were observed, with tumor stages T1b and T2 being the most common. Statistical analysis highlighted significant associations with tumor subtypes and serum marker levels. Conclusions: The mean age of patients in the study aligned with other regional studies (common over 30 years). Most testicular tumors in this study were germ cell tumors, specifically seminomas, which aligned with global trends. Elevated tumor markers usually in non-seminomas highlighted their diagnostic and prognostic significance, in addition, larger tumors and those detected at later stages (more common in seminomas) suggested the need for early detection and intervention.