WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

*Dr. Qabas Saad Dhia and Dr. Mohamed Ismail Khalil

ABSTRACT

Osteomyelitis is an infection that affects both the bone and the bone marrow. It usually begins in trabecular areas and can occur after surgery or an open fracture.[1] The most common bacteria excited with the foreign implants is Staphylococcus epidermidis, which is often non-pathogenic and often coagulase negative.[2] MRSA Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is a particular group of gram-positive bacteria that differs genetically from other Staphylococcus aureus strains. MRSA causes human infections that are problematic to treat.[3] MRSA refers to any strain of Staphylococcus aureus that has developed resistance to multiple beta-lactam drugs by natural selection or horizontal gene transfer.[4] Diagnostic microbiology labs are essential for locating MRSA infections. Typically, a bacterium must be grown from samples of blood, urine, sputum, or other body fluids in sufficient quantities to allow for early confirmation tests.[5] Quantitative PCR methods are utilized in clinical laboratories to quickly detect and identify MRSA strains.[6] MRSA is a slow-growing bacterium that can thrive on a range of media, unlike methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), which has been discovered to occur in mixed colonies with MSSA.[7]Treatment of an MRSA infection is critical, and postponement can be lethal. The location and history of the infection influence the course of treatment. An IV, oral, or combination of both forms of antibiotics effective against MRSA are available; the choice of which to use depends on the patient's characteristics and the specific circumstances.[8] Glycopeptide antibiotics such as vancomycin and teicoplanin are used to treat MRSA infections. Vancomycin's structural congener, tecoplanin, has a comparable spectrum of activities but a longer half-life.[9] Even toward vancomycin and teicoplanin, several recently identified MRSA strains exhibit antibiotic resistance. More serious infections that do not respond to glycopeptides like vancomycin can be treated with quinupristin/dalfopristin, daptomycin, ceftaroline, and tigecycline.[10]