WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

Manhal Zuhair Hammoodi, Aysar Mohammed Taha and Hasson Muhsin Hussein

ABSTRACT

Background: Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common cardiac malformation and accounts for one third of congenital heart disease. Defects may occur in any portion of the ventricular septum, but most are of the membranous type. It is ofte n considered that congenital heart disease is due to polygenic or multifactorial inheritance, in which, as yet unknown, inherited and environmental factors combine to cause the malformation. Objectives: Is to find out how common the VSD among all CHD in Mo sul. In addition; to find out the clinical features and the complications of VSD. Methods: This is descriptive, retrospective, cross sectional study included Sixty patients diagnosed with VSD by echocardiography admitted to the department of pediatric medi cine at Ibin Al Atheer Teaching Hospital, from January 2024 to the end of December 2024. All the patients were sent for CXR, ECG, two dimensional echocardiography and color Doppler was done. Patients who were having more than a VSD were excluded from the s tudy. Cardiac catheterization was not done to any patient. Twenty five of normal children of matched age & sex with patients consulting the outpatient clinic were taken as a control group. Results: Out of (3951) patients admitted to Ibin Al Atheer Teaching Hospital during the period of the study, (194) had CHD and (60) of them had VSD which make (1.15%) of total admission and (30.92%) of CHD in this study. The age range was between 1 month 12 years with the of mean 22.43 months and 60% of them were under 1 year of age ,30% between 1 and 5 years and 10% was older than 5 years, 31 were males and 29 were females. Tachypnea was the commonest presenting symptom followed by cough and poor weight gain. About half of the study patients have a weight below third percentile. Failure to thrive was found to be the commonest complications followed by recurrent chest infection and heart failure. Conclusion: VSD is the most common defect among all CHD. The clini cal presentation and natural history of isolated ventricular septal defects in children depends upon the size of the defect. Prematurity and maternal diabetes mellitus were not significant risk factors but consanguinity was an important risk factor for the development of VSD.