WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

*Ansam Saad Madhloom, Hiba D. Al-Ameri, Besmah M. Ali and Salam Qasim Mohammed

ABSTRACT

Background: Gastrointestinal polyps can become malignant, making them a major health risk. Colorectal canceris the third most frequent disease worldwide. These polyps are distinct tissue masses that extend into the intestinelumen and can be solitary or numerous, pedunculated or sessile, sporadic or hereditary. This study aims to identifythe clinical presentation, endoscopic descriptions, and histopathological features of Iraqi patients with colorectalpolyps and to determine the histopathological types, size, and site of polyps in relation to age and sex to betterunderstand their epidemiology and characteristics. Method: Cross-sectional analysis of 112 individuals withcolorectal polyps from June 1, 2021, to June 1, 2023, from Baghdad teaching hospital records. The followinginformation is gathered for each patient: Consider age, gender, history of bleeding per rectum, abdominaldiscomfort, weight loss, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, single or numerous lesions, lesion size (<1 cm, 1-2 cm, >2 cm), and lesion site. Neoplastic (Tubular, Tubulovillous, Villous), Non-neoplastic (Hyperplastic,Inflammatory, Hamartoma), and Carcinoma lesions. Dysplasia only occurs in mild-to-severe adenomas. Results:This study on colorectal lesions shows a mean patient age of 53.8 years, with a majority over 40 years old, and ahigher prevalence in males. Most lesions are solitary and small, primarily located in the rectum or sigmoid, withvarying types and degrees of dysplasia. There's a notable correlation between lesion size, type, and patientdemographics (age, gender), with larger lesions more likely to be carcinomas, especially in older and malepatients. Conclusion: The study recommends a screening program in Iraq for tubulovillous adenomas withmoderate to severe dysplasia to prevent malignant transformation and reduce mortality. It highlights thatgastrointestinal polyps mainly affect males over 40, often presenting as solitary, small lesions in the rectum orsigmoid colon. There is a significant link between lesion size, location, and neoplastic potential, as well asbetween polyp type and patient demographics like age and gender.

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