WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

( An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal )

An International Peer Review Journal for Medical Science and Pharma Professionals

An Official Publication of Society for Advance Healthcare Research (Reg. No. : 01/01/01/31674/16)

World Journal of Advance Healthcare Research (WJAHR) has indexed with various reputed international bodies like : Google Scholar , Index Copernicus , SOCOLAR, China , Research Bible, Fuchu, Tokyo. JAPAN , Cosmos Impact Factor , Scientific Indexing Services (SIS) , UDLedge Science Citation Index , International Impact Factor Services , International Society for Research Activity (ISRA) Journal Impact Factor (JIF) , IFSIJ Measure of Journal Quality , Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) , International Scientific Indexing, UAE (ISI) (Under Process) , International Impact Factor Services (IIFS) , Web of Science Group (Under Process) , Directory of Research Journals Indexing , Scholar Article Journal Index (SAJI) , International Scientific Indexing ( ISI ) , Academia , Scope Database , 

ISSN 2457-0400

Impact Factor  :  6.711

News & Updation

  • Article Invited for Publication

    Dear Researcher, Article Invited for Publication  in WJAHR coming Issue.

  • Journal web site support Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Saffari for easy download of article without any trouble.

    .

  • 6th International Conference on Human and Soci

    Venue:FCT Education Resource Center, Abuja- Nigeria                                        September 22-24, 2019

  • New Issue Published

    Its Our pleasure to inform you that, WJAHR April 2024 Issue has been Published, Kindly check it on https://www.wjahr.com/home/current_issues

  • .

    6th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND CURRICULUM STUDIES(ICETC2019) 

     

    Venue: FCT Education Resource Center, Abuja-Nigeria

    September 22-24, 2019

  • WJAHR: New Impact Factor

    WJAHR Impact Factor has been Increased to 6.711 for Year 2024.

  • WJAHR: APRIL ISSUE PUBLISHED

    APRIL 2024 Issue has been successfully launched on 1 APRIL 2024.

Best Paper Awards

World Journal of Advance Healthcare Research (WJAHR)Honored the authors with best paper award, monthly based on the innovation of research work. Best paper will be selected by our expert panel.

Best Article of current issue

Download Article : Click here

Indexing

  Indexing

  • Google Scholar
  • Index Copernicus
  • SOCOLAR, China
  • Research Bible, Fuchu, Tokyo. JAPAN
  • Cosmos Impact Factor
  • Scientific Indexing Services (SIS)
  • UDLedge Science Citation Index
  • International Impact Factor Services
  • International Society for Research Activity (ISRA) Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
  • IFSIJ Measure of Journal Quality
  • Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF)
  • International Scientific Indexing, UAE (ISI) (Under Process)
  • International Impact Factor Services (IIFS)
  • Web of Science Group (Under Process)
  • Directory of Research Journals Indexing
  • Scholar Article Journal Index (SAJI)
  • International Scientific Indexing ( ISI )
  • Academia
  • Scope Database

Abstract

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE RATIO OF THE LENGTH OF THE 2ND DIGIT TO THE 4TH DIGIT (2D:4D RATIO) AND PROSTATE CANCER

Dr. John Edoka Raphael* and Dr. Bolaji Otike Odibe

ABSTRACT

Background: The ratio of the length of the second digit or index finger (2D) to the fourth digit or ring finger(4D) is a marker for prenatal androgen exposure. A low 2D:4D ratio suggests a high intrauterine androgen exposure. There is evidence that intrauterine androgen exposure plays a role in the aetiology of malignancies, including prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is known to be androgen-dependent. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between prostate cancer and the ratio of the index length to the ring finger. (2D:4D ratio) Methodology: This is a comparative descriptive cross-sectional study between patients with prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) that serve as the control. Investigation results such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, ultrasound scan, histology results of the prostate biopsy were obtained for both the PCa and BPE groups. All the patients in the PCa group had histologically diagnosed prostate cancer. The patient in the BPE (Control) had clinically or histologically diagnosed BPE. The length of their second (2D) and fourth fingers (4D) were measured. Results: Forty patients participated in the study: twenty PCa and twenty with BPE (Control). Their age range was between 39-93years, with a mean age of the PCa group being 71.50±7.59years, while the BPE group had a mean of 70.55±13.82years. The mean PSA of the PCa group was significantly higher (116.57±164.5ng/ml) than the BPE group (10.64±18.65ng/ml; p=0.0070). Patients with PCa had a higher mean 2D:4D ratio than the BPE group. There was a statistically significant weak positive relationship between prostate cancer and 2d:4d ratio, indicating that men with a high 2D:4D ratio had a significantly moderately greater risk of developing prostate cancer. (p=0.035, r=0.236). Conclusion: Our study indicated that prostate cancer patients had higher 2D:4D ratios and higher serum PSA compared to the control patients with BPH. The relationship between 2D:4D ratio requires more investigation.

[Full Text Article] [Download Certificate]