WORLD JOURNAL OF ADVANCE
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH

*Sapira MK. MBBS, FWACS, FMCS, FICS and Obiorah CC. MBBS, FMCPATH

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The aims of this study are to detect and present risk factors for chronic kidney disease ((CKD) in dialyzed residents of Port Harcourt City, NIGERIA, with its environs, which has marked documented petroleum-based environmental pollution, and to collate findings with CKD risk factors observed elsewhere. Materials and Methods: Consecutive dialyzed patients were studied using the dialysis register and individual case files. Data collected included indications for dialysis, gender, age, risk factors for renal disease(s) and diagnosed co-morbidities. Bibliographical search was made in the PubMed and Medline®/ PubMed Central computerized data bases for consecutive relevant publications on CKD between 01/01/2012 and 31/12/2021. Data obtained were analyzed with simple statistics and presented. Results: Of all dialyzed 421 patients, 282 (67%) were male, and 139 (33.0%) female. Hypertension (32.1%), diabetes mellitus (16.6%), acute kidney injuries (14.9%), CKD of unknown etiology(CKDu)(13.6%), chronic glomerulonephritis (8.3%), and urinary tract obstruction (4.7%) were the most common of risk factors for CKD. Literature review revealed marked environmental and food pollution in the area. Some of the pollutants (especially heavy metals and toxic hydrocarbons) have documented nephrotoxicity and oncogenicity. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, acute kidney injury, glomerulonephritis, CKDu, the most common CKD risk factors observed in these dialyzed residents, are often associated with indulgences and environmental pollution. A program of environmental control and prevention of CKD in Port Harcourt should be primarily focused on control and prevention of these diseases and their risk factors.

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